November 12th
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements in relation to South Asian Telecommunication Regulators Council:
1.SATRC functions under the umbrella of the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) as one of the sub-regional activities.
2.It was formed in 1997 by an initiative of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
3.The Council is composed of the heads of the regulatory bodies of nine South Asian countries including, Afghanistan and India.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> South Asian Telecommunication Regulators Council(SATRC) functions under the umbrella of the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) as one of the sub-regional activities. Statement 2 is incorrect—>SATRC was formed in 1997 by an initiative of APT and ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Statement 3 is correct—>At present, the Council is composed of the Heads of the regulatory bodies of nine South Asian countries namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Affiliate members from these countries are also taking active participation in SATRC activities. Additional Information - The SATRC is responsible for discussion and coordination of all the issues relating to regulations in telecommunication and ICT which are of common interest to the telecommunication regulators in South Asian countries.
- These issues included radio frequency coordination, standards, regulatory trends and issues, strategies for telecommunication development and telecommunication related international affairs.
- The council also identifies and promotes areas of potential cooperation in telecommunication among South Asian countries; and facilitates the exchange of information in these areas through activities such as seminars, training and workshops.
- SATRC activities are conducted by involvement of the highest level representations by the regulatory bodies of the South Asian countries.
- The SATRC meets annually to discuss the key policy and regulatory issues of concern to the SATRC members.
- The 25th Meeting of the South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council (SATRC-25) was held at New Delhi, India from 11th to 13thNovember, 2024, gathering regulators, industry leaders, and experts from across South Asia.
- Hosted by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in collaboration with the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT), this year’s meeting brought together stakeholders to share insights, address regulatory challenges, and forge pathways toward a more inclusive digital ecosystem.
- The TRAI Chairman, was elected chair of the SATRC for the upcoming year.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> South Asian Telecommunication Regulators Council(SATRC) functions under the umbrella of the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) as one of the sub-regional activities. Statement 2 is incorrect—>SATRC was formed in 1997 by an initiative of APT and ITU Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Statement 3 is correct—>At present, the Council is composed of the Heads of the regulatory bodies of nine South Asian countries namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Affiliate members from these countries are also taking active participation in SATRC activities. Additional Information - The SATRC is responsible for discussion and coordination of all the issues relating to regulations in telecommunication and ICT which are of common interest to the telecommunication regulators in South Asian countries.
- These issues included radio frequency coordination, standards, regulatory trends and issues, strategies for telecommunication development and telecommunication related international affairs.
- The council also identifies and promotes areas of potential cooperation in telecommunication among South Asian countries; and facilitates the exchange of information in these areas through activities such as seminars, training and workshops.
- SATRC activities are conducted by involvement of the highest level representations by the regulatory bodies of the South Asian countries.
- The SATRC meets annually to discuss the key policy and regulatory issues of concern to the SATRC members.
- The 25th Meeting of the South Asian Telecommunication Regulators’ Council (SATRC-25) was held at New Delhi, India from 11th to 13thNovember, 2024, gathering regulators, industry leaders, and experts from across South Asia.
- Hosted by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in collaboration with the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT), this year’s meeting brought together stakeholders to share insights, address regulatory challenges, and forge pathways toward a more inclusive digital ecosystem.
- The TRAI Chairman, was elected chair of the SATRC for the upcoming year.
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
With reference to LignoSat, consider the following statements:
1.LignoSat is made from magnolia wood and is designed to address the issue of space debris.
2.The satellite is designed by SpaceX.
3.LignoSat’s mission aims to test the durability of wood in space’s extreme conditions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> LignoSat is crafted from magnolia wood, chosen for environmental reasons, as it reduces space debris by burning up completely upon re-entry. Statement 2 is incorrect—>The Japanese spacecraft LignoSat is developed by Kyoto University and homebuilder Sumitomo Forestry.LignoSat was launched to the International Space Station aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and will be deployed into orbit from the ISS. Statement 3 is correct—>LignoSat’s mission aims to test the durability of wood in space’s extreme conditions. Additional Information - LignoSat is the world’s first wooden satellite, developed collaboratively by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry. This innovative project aims to assess the viability of wood as a sustainable material in space applications.
Key Features of LignoSat:
- Material Composition: The satellite is constructed from magnolia wood, chosen for its strength and workability. Traditional Japanese joinery techniques were employed, assembling the wooden components without the use of screws or glue.
- Design Specifications: LignoSat is a cube measuring 10 centimeters on each side and weighing approximately 900 grams. It houses essential electronic components, including circuit boards and sensors, within its wooden structure.
Launch and Mission Objectives:
-
- Deployment: On November 5, 2024, LignoSat was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It was transported to the International Space Station (ISS) and is scheduled for deployment into orbit from the ISS’s Kibo module.
- Mission Goals: The primary objective is to evaluate the durability and performance of wood in the harsh environment of space. Researchers aim to monitor how the wooden structure withstands factors such as atomic oxygen, cosmic radiation, and extreme temperature fluctuations.
- Significance and Future Implications:
-
- Environmental Impact: Traditional satellites, often made of aluminum, can release harmful substances like aluminum oxide upon re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere, potentially affecting the ozone layer. In contrast, a wooden satellite like LignoSat is expected to burn up completely without leaving harmful residues, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative.
- Sustainability in Space Exploration: If successful, LignoSat could pave the way for the use of wood in various space applications, including the construction of space habitats and other structures on the Moon and Mars. This approach aligns with efforts to develop sustainable materials for future space missions.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> LignoSat is crafted from magnolia wood, chosen for environmental reasons, as it reduces space debris by burning up completely upon re-entry. Statement 2 is incorrect—>The Japanese spacecraft LignoSat is developed by Kyoto University and homebuilder Sumitomo Forestry.LignoSat was launched to the International Space Station aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and will be deployed into orbit from the ISS. Statement 3 is correct—>LignoSat’s mission aims to test the durability of wood in space’s extreme conditions. Additional Information - LignoSat is the world’s first wooden satellite, developed collaboratively by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry. This innovative project aims to assess the viability of wood as a sustainable material in space applications.
Key Features of LignoSat:
- Material Composition: The satellite is constructed from magnolia wood, chosen for its strength and workability. Traditional Japanese joinery techniques were employed, assembling the wooden components without the use of screws or glue.
- Design Specifications: LignoSat is a cube measuring 10 centimeters on each side and weighing approximately 900 grams. It houses essential electronic components, including circuit boards and sensors, within its wooden structure.
Launch and Mission Objectives:
-
- Deployment: On November 5, 2024, LignoSat was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It was transported to the International Space Station (ISS) and is scheduled for deployment into orbit from the ISS’s Kibo module.
- Mission Goals: The primary objective is to evaluate the durability and performance of wood in the harsh environment of space. Researchers aim to monitor how the wooden structure withstands factors such as atomic oxygen, cosmic radiation, and extreme temperature fluctuations.
- Significance and Future Implications:
-
- Environmental Impact: Traditional satellites, often made of aluminum, can release harmful substances like aluminum oxide upon re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere, potentially affecting the ozone layer. In contrast, a wooden satellite like LignoSat is expected to burn up completely without leaving harmful residues, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative.
- Sustainability in Space Exploration: If successful, LignoSat could pave the way for the use of wood in various space applications, including the construction of space habitats and other structures on the Moon and Mars. This approach aligns with efforts to develop sustainable materials for future space missions.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)?
1.RCEP is the world’s largest free trade agreement by members GDP, covering around 30% of the global GDP.
2.RCEP includes only Asian countries as its members.
3.The RCEP agreement does not cover investment and economic cooperation.
Select the correct answer using the code below:Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>RCEP is the world’s largest free trade agreement, accounting for about 30% of global GDP. Statement 2 is incorrect—>RCEP includes members from outside Asia, such as Australia and New Zealand, along with Asian countries. Statement 3 is incorrect—>The RCEP agreement covers several key areas, including: Trade in goods and services,Investment and economic cooperation, Technical cooperation, Intellectual property rights,Competition policies, Dispute resolution mechanisms, E-commerce and Support for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). Additional Information - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a major economic agreement formed between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and their Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners.
- RCEP is the world’s largest trading bloc.
- It is designed to promote economic integration, trade liberalization, and cooperation among member nations.
- Its negotiations began in 2012 and it was officially signed in November 2020, marking a major milestone in regional trade. It was entered into force on 1st January 2022.
- Objectives:
- To facilitate trade and investment across member countries.
- To reduce or eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers to promote seamless trade.
- To strengthen economic cooperation and bolster regional supply chains.
- Member Countries:
- 15 countries: 10 ASEAN member countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, and Vietnam) and their 5 free trade agreement (FTA) partners – China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.
- India was initially a part of the RCEP negotiations but decided to withdraw in 2019.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>RCEP is the world’s largest free trade agreement, accounting for about 30% of global GDP. Statement 2 is incorrect—>RCEP includes members from outside Asia, such as Australia and New Zealand, along with Asian countries. Statement 3 is incorrect—>The RCEP agreement covers several key areas, including: Trade in goods and services,Investment and economic cooperation, Technical cooperation, Intellectual property rights,Competition policies, Dispute resolution mechanisms, E-commerce and Support for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). Additional Information - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a major economic agreement formed between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and their Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners.
- RCEP is the world’s largest trading bloc.
- It is designed to promote economic integration, trade liberalization, and cooperation among member nations.
- Its negotiations began in 2012 and it was officially signed in November 2020, marking a major milestone in regional trade. It was entered into force on 1st January 2022.
- Objectives:
- To facilitate trade and investment across member countries.
- To reduce or eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers to promote seamless trade.
- To strengthen economic cooperation and bolster regional supply chains.
- Member Countries:
- 15 countries: 10 ASEAN member countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Laos, and Vietnam) and their 5 free trade agreement (FTA) partners – China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.
- India was initially a part of the RCEP negotiations but decided to withdraw in 2019.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
With reference to the 4B Movement, consider the following statements:
1.The movement originated in Japan as a response to declining birth rates.
2.It advocates for women to engage in traditional family roles to strengthen societal structures.
3.The movement has gained international attention, particularly in the United States, in response to political developments affecting women’s rights.
4.Its largely an online movement.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is incorrect—> The 4B Movement originated in South Korea, not Japan, as a response to entrenched patriarchal norms and gender inequality. Statement 2 is incorrect—> The movement advocates for women to abstain from traditional family roles, such as marriage and childbirth, to challenge societal pressures. Statement 3 is correct—>The movement has gained international attention, particularly in the United States, in response to political developments affecting women’s rights. Statement 4 is correct—>It’s largely an online movement. Additional Information - The 4B movement, initiated by South Korean women, seeks to resist traditional gender roles and the heavy burden placed on women to perform both paid work and the majority of household duties.
- The 4B movement, which originated in South Korea’s feminist circles, takes its name from four Korean words beginning with ‘bi’, meaning ‘no’.
- Bihon:No heterosexual marriage
- Bichulsan: No childbirth
- Biyeonae: No dating
- Bisekseu: No heterosexual sexual relationships
- Emerging in the mid-to-late 2010s, this radical feminist stance grew amid rising violence against women and systemic gender inequality in South Korea. It gained traction through social media platforms, giving a voice to women tired of enduring societal and economic injustices.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is incorrect—> The 4B Movement originated in South Korea, not Japan, as a response to entrenched patriarchal norms and gender inequality. Statement 2 is incorrect—> The movement advocates for women to abstain from traditional family roles, such as marriage and childbirth, to challenge societal pressures. Statement 3 is correct—>The movement has gained international attention, particularly in the United States, in response to political developments affecting women’s rights. Statement 4 is correct—>It’s largely an online movement. Additional Information - The 4B movement, initiated by South Korean women, seeks to resist traditional gender roles and the heavy burden placed on women to perform both paid work and the majority of household duties.
- The 4B movement, which originated in South Korea’s feminist circles, takes its name from four Korean words beginning with ‘bi’, meaning ‘no’.
- Bihon:No heterosexual marriage
- Bichulsan: No childbirth
- Biyeonae: No dating
- Bisekseu: No heterosexual sexual relationships
- Emerging in the mid-to-late 2010s, this radical feminist stance grew amid rising violence against women and systemic gender inequality in South Korea. It gained traction through social media platforms, giving a voice to women tired of enduring societal and economic injustices.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Recently,the Reserve Bank of India has issued an operational framework for reclassification of investment made by a foreign portfolio investor to foreign direct investment (FDI) if the entity breaches the prescribed limit.In this context consider the following statements:
1.The new RBI framework allows FPIs to hold investments beyond a certain limit in Indian companies by converting any excess as FDI.
2.Under the guidelines, reclassification to FDI must occur within 5 trading days of breaching the limit, with approval from the Indian government and the relevant company.
3.The facility of reclassification is not permitted in any sector prohibited for FDI.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>The new RBI framework allows FPIs to hold investments beyond a certain limit in Indian companies by converting any excess as FDI. Statement 2 is correct—>Under the guidelines, reclassification to FDI must occur within 5 trading days of breaching the limit, with approval from the Indian government and the relevant company. Statement 3 is correct—>3.The facility of reclassification is not permitted in any sector prohibited for FDI. Additional Information Context - The Reserve Bank of India issued an operational framework for reclassification of investment made by a foreign portfolio investor (FPI) to foreign direct investment (FDI) if the entity breaches the prescribed limit.
Background
- Under current regulations, FPIs can hold a maximum of 10% of an Indian company’s total paid-up equity capital.
- Exceeding this cap previously left FPIs with two choices: divesting the surplus shares or reclassifying them as FDI.
New Framework
- Mandatory Government Approval: FPIs must seek necessary approvals from the government when their equity holdings surpass the set 10% threshold, indicating a reclassification to FDI.
- Timely Reclassification: The RBI mandates that the reclassification process should be completed within five trading days from the date of the transaction that breaches the limit.
- Compliance Requirements;
- Investments must adhere to entry routes, sectoral caps, investment limits, pricing guidelines, and other FDI-specific conditions under the current rules.
- The RBI calls for comprehensive reporting as per the Foreign Exchange Management (Mode of Payment and Reporting of Non-Debt Instruments) Regulations, 2019.
- Revised SEBI Guidelines: SEBI requires FPIs that opt for reclassification to inform their custodian, who will temporarily freeze any further equity transactions in the affected company until the conversion process is finalized.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>The new RBI framework allows FPIs to hold investments beyond a certain limit in Indian companies by converting any excess as FDI. Statement 2 is correct—>Under the guidelines, reclassification to FDI must occur within 5 trading days of breaching the limit, with approval from the Indian government and the relevant company. Statement 3 is correct—>3.The facility of reclassification is not permitted in any sector prohibited for FDI. Additional Information Context - The Reserve Bank of India issued an operational framework for reclassification of investment made by a foreign portfolio investor (FPI) to foreign direct investment (FDI) if the entity breaches the prescribed limit.
Background
- Under current regulations, FPIs can hold a maximum of 10% of an Indian company’s total paid-up equity capital.
- Exceeding this cap previously left FPIs with two choices: divesting the surplus shares or reclassifying them as FDI.
New Framework
- Mandatory Government Approval: FPIs must seek necessary approvals from the government when their equity holdings surpass the set 10% threshold, indicating a reclassification to FDI.
- Timely Reclassification: The RBI mandates that the reclassification process should be completed within five trading days from the date of the transaction that breaches the limit.
- Compliance Requirements;
- Investments must adhere to entry routes, sectoral caps, investment limits, pricing guidelines, and other FDI-specific conditions under the current rules.
- The RBI calls for comprehensive reporting as per the Foreign Exchange Management (Mode of Payment and Reporting of Non-Debt Instruments) Regulations, 2019.
- Revised SEBI Guidelines: SEBI requires FPIs that opt for reclassification to inform their custodian, who will temporarily freeze any further equity transactions in the affected company until the conversion process is finalized.