Understand Section 152 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, its difference from sedition under Section 124A IPC, constitutional concerns, Supreme Court jurisprudence, safeguards and way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand euthanasia in India, the right to die with dignity under Article 21, evolution from Gian Kaur to Common Cause and Harish Rana, living wills, the best-interest test, challenges and way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand the Essential Religious Practices doctrine, its evolution through Supreme Court judgments, significance, criticisms, conflict with religious freedom and possible alternatives for UPSC GS 2.
Understand personality rights in India, including publicity and privacy rights, protection against deepfakes and AI impersonation, key judicial decisions, legal challenges and reforms for UPSC GS 2.
Understand the creamy-layer debate among SCs and STs, arguments for and against exclusion, key Supreme Court judgments including Jarnail Singh and Davinder Singh, and the way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand sub-categorisation of SCs and STs, its distinction from creamy-layer exclusion, the State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh judgment, significance, challenges and way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand sub-categorisation of OBCs, its constitutional basis, Rohini Commission findings, arguments for and against internal quotas, Supreme Court judgments and the way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand reservation in India, its constitutional framework under Articles 14, 15 and 16, landmark Supreme Court judgments, arguments for and against reservation, and reforms needed for substantive equality for UPSC GS 2.
