November 26th
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Cherenkov Radiation:
1. Cherenkov radiation is emitted when charged particles travel through a medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium.
2.The radiation typically falls in the visible spectrum of light and appears as a faint blue glow.
3.The photons resulting from Cherenkov radiation have a high frequency and short wavelength.
4.Cherenkov radiation usually occurs in radioactive materials immersed in water.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>Cherenkov radiation is emitted when charged particles travel through a medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium. Statement 2 is correct—>The radiation typically falls in the visible spectrum of light and appears as a faint blue glow Statement 3 is correct—>The photons resulting from Cherenkov radiation have a high frequency and short wavelength. Statement 4 is correct—>Cherenkov radiation usually occurs in radioactive materials immersed in water. Additional Information - Cherenkov radiation is a form of energy that we can perceive as a blue glow emitted when the electrically charged particles that compose atoms (i.e. electrons and protons) are moving at speeds faster than that of light in a specific medium.
- Cherenkov radiation happens when electrically charged particles, such as protons or electrons, travel faster than light in a clear medium like water. When this happens, the water molecules and particles interact to give off light.
- The photons resulting from Cherenkov radiation have a high frequency and short wavelength. This appears to the human eye as blue or violet on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Why is it blue?
- When charged particles moving faster than light travel in, for example, water, they perturb the energy equilibrium of the atoms that are in their way. In order to regain equilibrium, those atoms release photons – the types of particles that compose visible light, creating a “shock-wave” of visible light. It is the same effect as the sonic boom when faster-than-sound movements occur, but on the light spectrum.
- The different colours that human eyes perceive are actually different types of waves made up of photons.
- Due to the high energies at play during Cherenkov radiation, the photons travel as waves that have high frequencies and short wavelengths, which are typical of violet and blue colours. The higher the frequencies and the shorter the wavelengths are, the bluer or more violet the light appears to the human eye. Ultraviolet is not visible to the human eye but can be captured with specific tools measuring the Cherenkov radiation.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>Cherenkov radiation is emitted when charged particles travel through a medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium. Statement 2 is correct—>The radiation typically falls in the visible spectrum of light and appears as a faint blue glow Statement 3 is correct—>The photons resulting from Cherenkov radiation have a high frequency and short wavelength. Statement 4 is correct—>Cherenkov radiation usually occurs in radioactive materials immersed in water. Additional Information - Cherenkov radiation is a form of energy that we can perceive as a blue glow emitted when the electrically charged particles that compose atoms (i.e. electrons and protons) are moving at speeds faster than that of light in a specific medium.
- Cherenkov radiation happens when electrically charged particles, such as protons or electrons, travel faster than light in a clear medium like water. When this happens, the water molecules and particles interact to give off light.
- The photons resulting from Cherenkov radiation have a high frequency and short wavelength. This appears to the human eye as blue or violet on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Why is it blue?
- When charged particles moving faster than light travel in, for example, water, they perturb the energy equilibrium of the atoms that are in their way. In order to regain equilibrium, those atoms release photons – the types of particles that compose visible light, creating a “shock-wave” of visible light. It is the same effect as the sonic boom when faster-than-sound movements occur, but on the light spectrum.
- The different colours that human eyes perceive are actually different types of waves made up of photons.
- Due to the high energies at play during Cherenkov radiation, the photons travel as waves that have high frequencies and short wavelengths, which are typical of violet and blue colours. The higher the frequencies and the shorter the wavelengths are, the bluer or more violet the light appears to the human eye. Ultraviolet is not visible to the human eye but can be captured with specific tools measuring the Cherenkov radiation.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements about Dakshayani Velayudhan:
1. She was the first dalit member in the Cochin Legislative Council
2. She was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India.
3. She supported the idea of separate electorates for Dalits as advocated by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>Dakshayani Velayudhan marked several firsts — she was the first Dalit woman to graduate in science in Cochin (now Kochi) and the first Dalit woman in the Cochin Legislative Council. Statement 2 is correct—>In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly from Malabar, aged 34. Statement 3 is incorrect—>She disagreed with Ambedkar on the need for separate electorates, saying the provision went against nationalism: “He is the only leader of the Harijan community and his non-co-operation with the nationalist forces is a great tragedy…” Additional Information - Velayudhan was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India by the Council in 1946. She was the first and only Scheduled Caste woman to be elected to the constituent assembly.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>Dakshayani Velayudhan marked several firsts — she was the first Dalit woman to graduate in science in Cochin (now Kochi) and the first Dalit woman in the Cochin Legislative Council. Statement 2 is correct—>In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly from Malabar, aged 34. Statement 3 is incorrect—>She disagreed with Ambedkar on the need for separate electorates, saying the provision went against nationalism: “He is the only leader of the Harijan community and his non-co-operation with the nationalist forces is a great tragedy…” Additional Information - Velayudhan was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India by the Council in 1946. She was the first and only Scheduled Caste woman to be elected to the constituent assembly.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
UNSC Resolution 1701 is related to:
Correct
Solution
- UNSC Resolution 1701 is related to the cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
Additional Information - The UNSC Resolution 1701 aims at ending hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel, and calls for the creation of a buffer zone as well as a permanent ceasefire.
- The resolution meant to complete the withdrawal of Israeli forces in 2000 from southern Lebanon along the ‘Blue Line’ and the Israel-annexed Golan Heights.
- In July 2006, Israel invaded Lebanon after Hezbollah killed three Israeli soldiers and kidnapped two others. The war lasted over a month and resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 Lebanese people and 170 Israelis.
- The UNSC unanimously passed Resolution 1701 on August 11, 2006, calling for a full cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
Incorrect
Solution
- UNSC Resolution 1701 is related to the cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
Additional Information - The UNSC Resolution 1701 aims at ending hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel, and calls for the creation of a buffer zone as well as a permanent ceasefire.
- The resolution meant to complete the withdrawal of Israeli forces in 2000 from southern Lebanon along the ‘Blue Line’ and the Israel-annexed Golan Heights.
- In July 2006, Israel invaded Lebanon after Hezbollah killed three Israeli soldiers and kidnapped two others. The war lasted over a month and resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 Lebanese people and 170 Israelis.
- The UNSC unanimously passed Resolution 1701 on August 11, 2006, calling for a full cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Mount Erebus was in the news. It is located in:
Correct
Solution
- Mount Erebus is located in Antarctica.
Additional Information - Mount Erebus, Antarctica’s tallest active volcano, has made headlines for emitting gold particles.
- The summit crater of Mount Erebus is the world’s southernmost active volcano.
- Mount Erebus is one of numerous volcanoes that compose Ross Island, off the coast of West Antarctica.
- At 3,794 meters (12,450 feet) above sea level, it towers over McMurdo Station, which is only 35 kilometres (22 miles) away.
Incorrect
Solution
- Mount Erebus is located in Antarctica.
Additional Information - Mount Erebus, Antarctica’s tallest active volcano, has made headlines for emitting gold particles.
- The summit crater of Mount Erebus is the world’s southernmost active volcano.
- Mount Erebus is one of numerous volcanoes that compose Ross Island, off the coast of West Antarctica.
- At 3,794 meters (12,450 feet) above sea level, it towers over McMurdo Station, which is only 35 kilometres (22 miles) away.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Consider the following statements about Renuka Ray:
1. She joined the freedom struggle after being inspired by Gandhi .
2. She was a member of the Constituent Assembly and advocated for women’s reservation in legislatures.
3. She represented women’s organisations in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1943.
How many of the above statements are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> Renuka Ray joined the freedom struggle after meeting Gandhi in 1920 and later pursued higher studies at the London School of Economics. Statement 2 is correct—>While Ray was a member of the Constituent Assembly, she opposed women’s reservation in legislatures. Statement 3 is incorrect—>She represented women’s organisations in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1943. Additional Information - Renuka was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and left college to boycott British education. Later, persuaded by her parents and Gandhi, she studied at the London School of Economics in 1921.
- Upon returning to India, Ray joined the All India Women’s Conference, advocating for women’s rights and inheritance rights. She served as its President in 1932 and 1953–54.
- In 1943, she was nominated to the Central Legislative Assembly, representing Indian women, and later became a member of the Constituent Assembly of India (1946–47).
- From 1952–57, she was West Bengal’s Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation and served as a Lok Sabha member from Malda (1957-1967). In 1959, she chaired the Renuka Ray Committee on Social Welfare and Welfare of Backward Classes.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—> Renuka Ray joined the freedom struggle after meeting Gandhi in 1920 and later pursued higher studies at the London School of Economics. Statement 2 is correct—>While Ray was a member of the Constituent Assembly, she opposed women’s reservation in legislatures. Statement 3 is incorrect—>She represented women’s organisations in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1943. Additional Information - Renuka was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and left college to boycott British education. Later, persuaded by her parents and Gandhi, she studied at the London School of Economics in 1921.
- Upon returning to India, Ray joined the All India Women’s Conference, advocating for women’s rights and inheritance rights. She served as its President in 1932 and 1953–54.
- In 1943, she was nominated to the Central Legislative Assembly, representing Indian women, and later became a member of the Constituent Assembly of India (1946–47).
- From 1952–57, she was West Bengal’s Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation and served as a Lok Sabha member from Malda (1957-1967). In 1959, she chaired the Renuka Ray Committee on Social Welfare and Welfare of Backward Classes.