Daily Quiz for UPSC/IAS EXAM- November 30

November 30th

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Question 1 of 5

1. Question

Consider the following statements in relation to the High Ambition Coalition (HAC):
1.France formed the High Ambition Coalition in run-up negotiations at the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement in 2015.
2.It High Ambition Coalition (HAC) is a regional organization committed to advancing progressive proposals on climate ambition in Europe.
3.It comprises a diverse mix of developed and developing nations.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only one
Only two
All three
None

Correct

Solution

Statement 1 is incorrect—>The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) formed the High Ambition Coalition in run-up negotiations at the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement in 2015.

Statement 2 is incorrect—>The High Ambition Coalition (HAC) is an informal group of countries within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) committed to advancing progressive proposals on climate ambition.

Statement 3 is correct—>It comprises a diverse mix of developed and developing nations.

Additional Information

The HAC was founded by the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 2014 with the aim of ensuring the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, was as ambitious as possible.
The HAC played a crucial role in securing key aspects of the agreement, such as the 1.5°C temperature target, a global net-zero emissions pathway by the latter half of the century, and a five-year cycle for updating mitigation contributions.
The Republic of the Marshall Islands serves as the convener and secretariat of the HAC.
The HAC works in close coordination with the Shipping High Ambition Coalition within the International Maritime Organization, as well as the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, which focuses on driving ambition within the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Incorrect

Solution

Statement 1 is incorrect—>The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) formed the High Ambition Coalition in run-up negotiations at the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement in 2015.

Statement 3 is correct—>It comprises a diverse mix of developed and developing nations.

Additional Information

The HAC was founded by the Republic of the Marshall Islands in 2014 with the aim of ensuring the Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, was as ambitious as possible.
The HAC played a crucial role in securing key aspects of the agreement, such as the 1.5°C temperature target, a global net-zero emissions pathway by the latter half of the century, and a five-year cycle for updating mitigation contributions.
The Republic of the Marshall Islands serves as the convener and secretariat of the HAC.
The HAC works in close coordination with the Shipping High Ambition Coalition within the International Maritime Organization, as well as the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, which focuses on driving ambition within the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Question 2 of 5

2. Question

Consider the following statements in relation to Rule 267:
1.Rajya Sabha MPs can submit a written notice to suspend all listed business in the House and discuss an issue of importance that the country is facing.
2.The Chairman alone has the power to give consent for moving of a motion for suspension of a rule, and it is for the House to decide whether a particular rule should be suspended or not.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Correct

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>Rajya Sabha MPs can submit a written notice to suspend all listed business in the House and discuss an issue of importance that the country is facing.

Statement 2 is correct—>The Chairman alone has the power to give consent for moving of a motion for suspension of a rule, and it is for the House to decide whether a particular rule should be suspended or not.

Additional Information

Rule 267:

According to the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), Rule 267 relates to the suspension of rules.
It says, “Any member may, with the consent of the Chairman, move that any rule may be suspended in its application to a motion related to the business listed before the Council of that day, and if the motion is carried, the rule in question shall be suspended for the time being; provided further that this rule shall not apply where specific provision already exists for suspension of a rule under a particular chapter of the Rules.”
Simply put, under Rule 267, Rajya Sabha MPs can submit a written notice to suspend all listed business in the House and discuss an issue of importance that the country is facing.
A motion under Rule 267 indicates that a matter was serious enough for the House to suspend its normal business to take it up.
The rule further says, “The Chairman alone has the power to give consent for moving of a motion for suspension of a rule, and it is for the House to decide whether a particular rule should be suspended or not.”
Thus, it is the discretion of the Chairman to decide whether to allow a motion under Rule 267, as it states that “the consent of the Chairman” is required for a member to bring such a motion.
However, this rule does not apply where specific provisions already exist for the suspension of a rule under a particular chapter of the rules.
Who can issue Rule 267?
- Any member of the Rajya Sabha can issue a notice to the Chairperson for a discussion on any subject under Rule 267.

Incorrect

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>Rajya Sabha MPs can submit a written notice to suspend all listed business in the House and discuss an issue of importance that the country is facing.

Additional Information

Rule 267:

According to the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), Rule 267 relates to the suspension of rules.
It says, “Any member may, with the consent of the Chairman, move that any rule may be suspended in its application to a motion related to the business listed before the Council of that day, and if the motion is carried, the rule in question shall be suspended for the time being; provided further that this rule shall not apply where specific provision already exists for suspension of a rule under a particular chapter of the Rules.”
Simply put, under Rule 267, Rajya Sabha MPs can submit a written notice to suspend all listed business in the House and discuss an issue of importance that the country is facing.
A motion under Rule 267 indicates that a matter was serious enough for the House to suspend its normal business to take it up.
The rule further says, “The Chairman alone has the power to give consent for moving of a motion for suspension of a rule, and it is for the House to decide whether a particular rule should be suspended or not.”
Thus, it is the discretion of the Chairman to decide whether to allow a motion under Rule 267, as it states that “the consent of the Chairman” is required for a member to bring such a motion.
However, this rule does not apply where specific provisions already exist for the suspension of a rule under a particular chapter of the rules.
Who can issue Rule 267?
- Any member of the Rajya Sabha can issue a notice to the Chairperson for a discussion on any subject under Rule 267.

Question 3 of 5

3. Question

Consider the following statements:
1.According to the Indian Patent Act, a biological process to create a seed can be patented in India.
2.Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.
3 The Seeds Act applies only to notified varieties of seeds.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only one
Only two
All three
None

Correct

Solution

Statement 1 is incorrect—>Article 3(J) of the Indian Patent Act, excludes from patentability “plants and animals in whole or in any part thereof other than microorganisms, including seeds, varieties, and species, and essentially biological processes for the production or propagation of plants and animals”.

Statement 2 is correct—>Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.

Statement 3 is correct—>The Seeds Act only covers “notified kinds or varieties of seeds”. Thus, regulation of quality, too, is limited to the seeds of varieties that have been officially notified.

The Patents Act, 1970

The Patents Act, 1970 is the legislation that till date governs patents in India. It first came into force in 1972.
The Patents Act has been repeatedly amended: 1999, 2002, 2005, 2006. These amendments were required to make the Patents Act TRIPS-compliant
The major amendment was in 2005, when product patent was extended to all fields of technology like food, drugs, chemicals and micro organism
The Indian Patent Act, 1970 strikes a balance between the rights of the applicant and his obligation to the society granting the rights.
Some salient features of the Act include, product and process patent, term of patent as 20 years,patent examination conducted on request, fast track mechanism for quick disposal of appeals, pre-grant and post-grant opposition allowed, protection of biodiversity and traditional knowledge, and, publication of applications after 18 months of date of filing of patent application.
One of the most important aspects of Indian Patents Act, 1970, is compulsory licensing of the patent subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions.
Section 3(d) stipulates that the mere discovery of a new form of a known substance which does not result in the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance or the mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance or of the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus unless such known process results in a new product or employs at least one new reactant, is not patentable

Incorrect

Solution

Statement 2 is correct—>Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.

The Patents Act, 1970

The Patents Act, 1970 is the legislation that till date governs patents in India. It first came into force in 1972.
The Patents Act has been repeatedly amended: 1999, 2002, 2005, 2006. These amendments were required to make the Patents Act TRIPS-compliant
The major amendment was in 2005, when product patent was extended to all fields of technology like food, drugs, chemicals and micro organism
The Indian Patent Act, 1970 strikes a balance between the rights of the applicant and his obligation to the society granting the rights.
Some salient features of the Act include, product and process patent, term of patent as 20 years,patent examination conducted on request, fast track mechanism for quick disposal of appeals, pre-grant and post-grant opposition allowed, protection of biodiversity and traditional knowledge, and, publication of applications after 18 months of date of filing of patent application.
One of the most important aspects of Indian Patents Act, 1970, is compulsory licensing of the patent subject to the fulfillment of certain conditions.
Section 3(d) stipulates that the mere discovery of a new form of a known substance which does not result in the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance or the mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance or of the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus unless such known process results in a new product or employs at least one new reactant, is not patentable

Question 4 of 5

4. Question

Which of the following countries borders the Red Sea?
1. Yemen
2. Egypt
3. Oman
4. Djibouti
5. Ethiopia
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1, 2 and 3
2 and 4 only
2, 3, 4 and 5
1, 2 and 4

Correct

Solution

Explanation

The Red Sea, an sea inlet of the Indian Ocean located between Africa and Asia. It connects to the ocean in the south via the Bab-el-Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden.
The six countries bordering the Red Sea are: Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the eastern side while Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the western side.
Oman and Ethiopia do not share a border with the Red Sea.

Incorrect

Solution

Explanation

The Red Sea, an sea inlet of the Indian Ocean located between Africa and Asia. It connects to the ocean in the south via the Bab-el-Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden.
The six countries bordering the Red Sea are: Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the eastern side while Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the western side.
Oman and Ethiopia do not share a border with the Red Sea.

Question 5 of 5

5. Question

The term “Bromalites,” recently in the news, refers to:

Fossilized remains of material ingested by ancient organisms, including coprolites (fossilized feces).
A rare mineral compound used in deep-sea exploration and energy storage.
A group of marine organisms found in bromine-rich ocean ecosystems.
A newly discovered isotope of bromine with potential applications in nuclear medicine.

Correct

Solution

The term “Bromalites” refers to Fossilized remains of material ingested by ancient organisms, including coprolites (fossilized feces).

Additional Information

Bromalites are fossilized remains of ingested materials by ancient organisms, providing valuable insights into their diets and the ecosystems in which they lived. Coprolites, a subcategory of bromalites, specifically refer to fossilized feces.
Bromalites are fossil traces of organisms, consisting of material from their digestive system.
They are the group of ichnofossils that record the consumption, processing, and elimination of material through digestive systems.
Each main stage of processing has been ascribed to distinct bromalite subgroups, with little evidence for transitions between these stages.
The most famous bromalites are fossilized feces, also known as coprolites.
However, other types are recognised, including: regurgitalites (fossilised remains of vomit or other regurgitated objects such as owl pellets); cololites (intestinal contents); and gastrolites (stomach contents).
Bromalites provide behavioural data including predation, scavenging, and vomiting.
They are important indicators of dietary habits and potential predator-prey relationships; therefore, they largely enhance our comprehension of trophic interactions.
Bromalites are often studied alongside other trace fossils to reconstruct ancient ecosystems.

Incorrect

Solution

The term “Bromalites” refers to Fossilized remains of material ingested by ancient organisms, including coprolites (fossilized feces).

Additional Information

Bromalites are fossilized remains of ingested materials by ancient organisms, providing valuable insights into their diets and the ecosystems in which they lived. Coprolites, a subcategory of bromalites, specifically refer to fossilized feces.
Bromalites are fossil traces of organisms, consisting of material from their digestive system.
They are the group of ichnofossils that record the consumption, processing, and elimination of material through digestive systems.
Each main stage of processing has been ascribed to distinct bromalite subgroups, with little evidence for transitions between these stages.
The most famous bromalites are fossilized feces, also known as coprolites.
However, other types are recognised, including: regurgitalites (fossilised remains of vomit or other regurgitated objects such as owl pellets); cololites (intestinal contents); and gastrolites (stomach contents).
Bromalites provide behavioural data including predation, scavenging, and vomiting.
They are important indicators of dietary habits and potential predator-prey relationships; therefore, they largely enhance our comprehension of trophic interactions.
Bromalites are often studied alongside other trace fossils to reconstruct ancient ecosystems.