Daily Quiz for UPSC/IAS EXAM- November 19

Novemebr 19th

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Question 1 of 5

1. Question

With reference to the Voice of Global South Summit, consider the following statements:
1.It is an initiative led by India to provide a platform for developing nations to address shared global challenges.
2.The theme of the 3rd summit was “An Empowered Global South for a Sustainable Future.”
3.It is organized annually by the United Nations to promote South-South cooperation.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only one
Only two
All three
None

Correct

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>Voice of Global South Summit is an initiative led by India to provide a platform for developing nations to address shared global challenges.

Statement 2 is correct—>India hosted the 3rd Voice of Global South Summit on 17th August 2024, in virtual format, with the overarching theme, “An Empowered Global South for a Sustainable Future”.

Statement 3 is incorrect—> The summit is not organized by the United Nations but is an independent initiative by India aimed at uniting and amplifying the voice of developing nations.

Additional Information

India had hosted the 1st Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS) on 12-13th January 2023, and the 2nd VOGSS on 17th November 2023, both in virtual format.

Key Highlights of the 3rd VOGSS:

Theme: “An Empowered Global South for a Sustainable Future.”
Virtual Participation: 123 countries joined; China and Pakistan were not invited.
Global Development Compact (GDC): India proposed the GDC to address development finance concerns, focusing on trade, sustainable growth, and technology sharing.
Funding: India will launch a $2.5 million fund for trade promotion and a $1 million trade policy training fund for capacity building.

123 countries participated in the 3rd VOGSS. However, China and Pakistan were not invited.

Incorrect

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>Voice of Global South Summit is an initiative led by India to provide a platform for developing nations to address shared global challenges.

Statement 3 is incorrect—> The summit is not organized by the United Nations but is an independent initiative by India aimed at uniting and amplifying the voice of developing nations.

Additional Information

India had hosted the 1st Voice of Global South Summit (VOGSS) on 12-13th January 2023, and the 2nd VOGSS on 17th November 2023, both in virtual format.

Key Highlights of the 3rd VOGSS:

Theme: “An Empowered Global South for a Sustainable Future.”
Virtual Participation: 123 countries joined; China and Pakistan were not invited.
Global Development Compact (GDC): India proposed the GDC to address development finance concerns, focusing on trade, sustainable growth, and technology sharing.
Funding: India will launch a $2.5 million fund for trade promotion and a $1 million trade policy training fund for capacity building.

123 countries participated in the 3rd VOGSS. However, China and Pakistan were not invited.

Question 2 of 5

2. Question

The Brandt Line is an imaginary line that:

Divides the world into developed and developing countries based on income levels.
Represents a demarcation of countries with high and low carbon emissions.
Identifies regions with high and low biodiversity levels globally.
Separates nations based on their Human Development Index (HDI) rankings.

Correct

Solution

The Brandt Line is an imaginary line that divides the world into developed and developing countries based on income levels.

Additional Information

The Brandt Line was proposed by former German Chancellor Willy Brandt in the 1980s as a visual depiction of the north-south divide based upon per-capita GDP.
It starts in the north of Mexico, goes across the top of Africa and the Middle East, makes a loop around India and China, and then goes down to include most of East Asia. It doesn’t include Japan, Australia, or New Zealand.

Incorrect

Solution

The Brandt Line is an imaginary line that divides the world into developed and developing countries based on income levels.

Additional Information

The Brandt Line was proposed by former German Chancellor Willy Brandt in the 1980s as a visual depiction of the north-south divide based upon per-capita GDP.
It starts in the north of Mexico, goes across the top of Africa and the Middle East, makes a loop around India and China, and then goes down to include most of East Asia. It doesn’t include Japan, Australia, or New Zealand.

Question 3 of 5

3. Question

Assertion (A): Policy paralysis can discourage private investment and worsen unemployment in an economy.
Reason (R): Policy paralysis occurs when excessive regulatory hurdles, lack of political consensus, or delays in approvals obstruct economic reforms and infrastructure development.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false
A is false, but R is true.

Correct

Solution

Explanation

Assertion (A) is correct: Policy paralysis, which involves delays or inaction in decision-making, can lead to uncertainty for private investors, discouraging investment and reducing economic activity. This in turn exacerbates unemployment.

Reason (R) is correct:Policy paralysis is often caused by excessive regulatory hurdles, lack of political consensus, or delays in approvals, which prevent necessary reforms and infrastructure development.

Link Between A and R:The reasons stated in (R) directly explain why policy paralysis discourages private investment and worsens unemployment, as reforms and infrastructure projects are crucial for economic growth and job creation.

Incorrect

Solution

Explanation

Question 4 of 5

4. Question

With reference to the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP), consider the following statements:
1. Stage III of GRAP is initiated when the AQI is in the ‘Severe’ category (401-450).
2. GRAP Stage-IV, bans construction and demolition activities for linear public projects such as highways, roads, flyovers, overbridges, power transmission, pipelines, telecommunications, etc.
3. The GRAP is being implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change .
How many of the above statements are correct?

Only one
Only two
All three
None

Correct

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>1. Stage III of GRAP is initiated when the AQI is in the ‘Severe’ category (401-450).

Statement 2 is correct—>GRAP Stage-IV, bans construction and demolition activities for linear public projects such as highways, roads, flyovers, overbridges, power transmission, pipelines, telecommunications, etc.

Statement 3 is incorrect—> The GRAP is being implemented by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).

Additional Information

- Graded Response Action Plan(GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region.
- It was introduced as an emergency response mechanism, and its implementation is triggered when the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaches “poor” levels.
- Approved by the Supreme Court in 2016 and notified in 2017, the plan was formulated after several meetings the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) held with state government representatives and experts.
- GRAP is incremental in nature and thus, when the air quality dips from ‘poor’ to ‘very poor,’ measures listed under both sections must be followed.
Who implements GRAP?

- The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and adjoining areas oversees the implementation of GRAP.
- It collaborates with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
The orders and directions of the CAQM will prevail in case of any conflict between directions issued by the State governments and the CAQM.
Different stages of GRAP: GRAP consists of four stages, each with targeted actions to be taken by the necessary authorities and agencies. These are the following:
- Stage I: “Poor” air quality (Delhi AQI: 201-300)
- Stage II: “Very Poor” air quality (Delhi AQI: 301-400)
- Stage III: “Severe” air quality (Delhi AQI: 401-450)
- Stage IV: “Severe+” air quality (Delhi AQI > 450)

Incorrect

Solution

Statement 1 is correct—>1. Stage III of GRAP is initiated when the AQI is in the ‘Severe’ category (401-450).

Statement 3 is incorrect—> The GRAP is being implemented by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).

Additional Information

- Graded Response Action Plan(GRAP) is a framework designed to combat air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region.
- It was introduced as an emergency response mechanism, and its implementation is triggered when the Air Quality Index (AQI) reaches “poor” levels.
- Approved by the Supreme Court in 2016 and notified in 2017, the plan was formulated after several meetings the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) held with state government representatives and experts.
- GRAP is incremental in nature and thus, when the air quality dips from ‘poor’ to ‘very poor,’ measures listed under both sections must be followed.
Who implements GRAP?

- The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and adjoining areas oversees the implementation of GRAP.
- It collaborates with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
The orders and directions of the CAQM will prevail in case of any conflict between directions issued by the State governments and the CAQM.
Different stages of GRAP: GRAP consists of four stages, each with targeted actions to be taken by the necessary authorities and agencies. These are the following:
- Stage I: “Poor” air quality (Delhi AQI: 201-300)
- Stage II: “Very Poor” air quality (Delhi AQI: 301-400)
- Stage III: “Severe” air quality (Delhi AQI: 401-450)
- Stage IV: “Severe+” air quality (Delhi AQI > 450)

Question 5 of 5

5. Question

The Global Forest Watch (GFW) was established by:

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
World Resources Institute (WRI)
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

Correct

Solution

The Global Forest Watch (GFW) was established by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Additional Information

The latest data from the Global Forest Watch (GFW) monitoring project has revealed that India has lost 2.33 million hectares of tree cover since the year 2000.

This loss amounts to a 6% decrease in tree cover during this period.

Key Findings of Global Forest Watch (GFW):

Total Loss: The GFW data reveals that India lost a staggering 4,14,000 hectares of humid primary forest (approximately 4.1% of the total tree cover) between 2002 and 2023.
- A primary forest is a forest that hasn’t been damaged by human activity.
Carbon Impact: Over the same period (from 2001 to 2022), Indian forests emitted 51 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually while simultaneously removing 141 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent each year.
- This net carbon balance represents a carbon sink of approximately 89.9 million tons annually.
Natural Forests: A striking 95% of the tree cover loss in India between 2013 and 2023 occurred within natural forests.
Peak Years: Notably, the maximum tree cover loss of 189,000 hectares occurred in 2017, followed by 175,000 hectares in 2016, and 144,000 hectares in 2023—the highest in the last six years.
State-Level Impact: Five states accounted for 60% of all tree cover loss between 2001 and 2023.
- Assam experienced the highest tree cover loss at 324,000 hectares (compared to an average of 66,600 hectares).
- Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur also faced significant losses.
Impact of Forest Fire: Fires were responsible for 1.6% of tree cover loss in India between 2001 and 2022.
- The year 2008 recorded the maximum tree cover loss due to fires, amounting to 3,000 hectares.
- From 2001 to 2022, Odisha had the highest rate of tree cover loss due to fires with an average of 238 hectares lost per year.
Tree Cover Loss and Climate Change: Forests play a dual role, acting as a sink by absorbing carbon dioxide when standing or regrowing, and as a source when cleared or degraded.
- The loss of forests accelerates climate change by releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere.

Incorrect

Solution

The Global Forest Watch (GFW) was established by the World Resources Institute (WRI).

Additional Information

The latest data from the Global Forest Watch (GFW) monitoring project has revealed that India has lost 2.33 million hectares of tree cover since the year 2000.

This loss amounts to a 6% decrease in tree cover during this period.

Key Findings of Global Forest Watch (GFW):

Total Loss: The GFW data reveals that India lost a staggering 4,14,000 hectares of humid primary forest (approximately 4.1% of the total tree cover) between 2002 and 2023.
- A primary forest is a forest that hasn’t been damaged by human activity.
Carbon Impact: Over the same period (from 2001 to 2022), Indian forests emitted 51 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent annually while simultaneously removing 141 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent each year.
- This net carbon balance represents a carbon sink of approximately 89.9 million tons annually.
Natural Forests: A striking 95% of the tree cover loss in India between 2013 and 2023 occurred within natural forests.
Peak Years: Notably, the maximum tree cover loss of 189,000 hectares occurred in 2017, followed by 175,000 hectares in 2016, and 144,000 hectares in 2023—the highest in the last six years.
State-Level Impact: Five states accounted for 60% of all tree cover loss between 2001 and 2023.
- Assam experienced the highest tree cover loss at 324,000 hectares (compared to an average of 66,600 hectares).
- Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur also faced significant losses.
Impact of Forest Fire: Fires were responsible for 1.6% of tree cover loss in India between 2001 and 2022.
- The year 2008 recorded the maximum tree cover loss due to fires, amounting to 3,000 hectares.
- From 2001 to 2022, Odisha had the highest rate of tree cover loss due to fires with an average of 238 hectares lost per year.
Tree Cover Loss and Climate Change: Forests play a dual role, acting as a sink by absorbing carbon dioxide when standing or regrowing, and as a source when cleared or degraded.
- The loss of forests accelerates climate change by releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere.