November 8th
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I(S-I):
Every private resource can be considered as a ‘material resource of the community’ to be used by the government to serve the ‘common good’.
Statement-II(S-I):
Article 39(b) in Part IV provides that ‘ownership and control of material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?Correct
Solution
Explanation
Statement-I is incorrect : - The SC recently ruled in the Property Owners Association vs. State of Maharashtra case that not all privately owned properties qualify as “material resources of the community” under Article 39(b).
- A 9 judge bench stated that only certain properties, based on their nature and impact on public welfare, can be considered for state acquisition to serve the common good.
- This decision marks a shift from earlier interpretations that emphasized that individual property rights are protected and not every private asset can be appropriated by the state.
- The ruling also noted that the term “distribution” in Article 39(b) includes both state acquisition and redistribution to private entities when it benefits the community.
Statement -II is correct:
- Article 39(b) in Part IV provides that ‘ownership and control of material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.
Incorrect
Solution
Explanation
Statement-I is incorrect : - The SC recently ruled in the Property Owners Association vs. State of Maharashtra case that not all privately owned properties qualify as “material resources of the community” under Article 39(b).
- A 9 judge bench stated that only certain properties, based on their nature and impact on public welfare, can be considered for state acquisition to serve the common good.
- This decision marks a shift from earlier interpretations that emphasized that individual property rights are protected and not every private asset can be appropriated by the state.
- The ruling also noted that the term “distribution” in Article 39(b) includes both state acquisition and redistribution to private entities when it benefits the community.
Statement -II is correct:
- Article 39(b) in Part IV provides that ‘ownership and control of material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Consider the following statements in relation to Agriculture Sector:
1. From 2011-12 to 2020-21, agricultural subsidies have more than doubled, with the biggest increases in fertilizer and power.
2.More than half of India’s total workforce is engaged in the agricultural sector.
3.Economically, agriculture accounts for a quarter of India’s GDP
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>From 2011-12 to 2020-21, agricultural subsidies have more than doubled, with the biggest increases in fertilizer and power. Statement 2 is incorrect—>Nearly 47% of the population depends on agriculture for employment and the fraction of India’s labour force in agriculture is significantly higher than the global average of 25%. Statement 3 is incorrect—>Economically, agriculture accounts for 16.73% of India’s GDP. Additional Information
- The Economic Survey says that the Indian agriculture sector provides livelihood support to about 42.3 percent of the population and has a share of 18.2 per cent in the country’s GDP at current prices.
- The sector has been buoyant, which is evident from the fact that it has registered an average annual growth rate of 4.18 per cent at constant prices
- Economic Survey states that the Investment in agriculture research and support of enabling policies have contributed substantially to food security. It is estimated that for every rupee invested in agricultural research (including education), there is a payoff of ₹13.85.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>From 2011-12 to 2020-21, agricultural subsidies have more than doubled, with the biggest increases in fertilizer and power. Statement 2 is incorrect—>Nearly 47% of the population depends on agriculture for employment and the fraction of India’s labour force in agriculture is significantly higher than the global average of 25%. Statement 3 is incorrect—>Economically, agriculture accounts for 16.73% of India’s GDP. Additional Information
- The Economic Survey says that the Indian agriculture sector provides livelihood support to about 42.3 percent of the population and has a share of 18.2 per cent in the country’s GDP at current prices.
- The sector has been buoyant, which is evident from the fact that it has registered an average annual growth rate of 4.18 per cent at constant prices
- Economic Survey states that the Investment in agriculture research and support of enabling policies have contributed substantially to food security. It is estimated that for every rupee invested in agricultural research (including education), there is a payoff of ₹13.85.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
With reference to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India, consider the following statements:
1. India is the first country to legally mandate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
2. CSR spending is mandatory for all public and private companies in India, regardless of their profit or turnover.
3.The Companies Act of 2013 defines the activities that companies can undertake as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>India is the first country to legally mandate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Statement 2 is incorrect—>CSR spending is not mandatory for all companies. Only companies that meet the specified thresholds are required to spend on CSR. Statement 3 is correct—>Schedule VII of the Companies Act of 2013 defines the activities that companies can undertake as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Additional Information
- In India, the concept of CSR is governed by clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.
- India is the first country in the world to mandate CSR spending along with a framework to identify potential CSR activities.
- The CSR provisions within the Act is applicable to companies with an annual turnover of 1,000 crore and more, or a net worth of Rs. 500 crore and more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crore and more.
- The Act requires companies to set up a CSR committee which shall recommend a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy to the Board of Directors and also monitor the same from time to time.
- Companies are required to spend a minimum of 2% of their net profit over the preceding three years as CSR.
- The indicative activities, which can be undertaken by a company under CSR, have been specified under Schedule VII of the Act. The activities include:
- Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty,
- Promotion of education, gender equality and empowering women,
- Combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and other diseases,
- Ensuring environmental sustainability;
- Contribution to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women etc.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>India is the first country to legally mandate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Statement 2 is incorrect—>CSR spending is not mandatory for all companies. Only companies that meet the specified thresholds are required to spend on CSR. Statement 3 is correct—>Schedule VII of the Companies Act of 2013 defines the activities that companies can undertake as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Additional Information
- In India, the concept of CSR is governed by clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.
- India is the first country in the world to mandate CSR spending along with a framework to identify potential CSR activities.
- The CSR provisions within the Act is applicable to companies with an annual turnover of 1,000 crore and more, or a net worth of Rs. 500 crore and more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crore and more.
- The Act requires companies to set up a CSR committee which shall recommend a Corporate Social Responsibility Policy to the Board of Directors and also monitor the same from time to time.
- Companies are required to spend a minimum of 2% of their net profit over the preceding three years as CSR.
- The indicative activities, which can be undertaken by a company under CSR, have been specified under Schedule VII of the Act. The activities include:
- Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty,
- Promotion of education, gender equality and empowering women,
- Combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and other diseases,
- Ensuring environmental sustainability;
- Contribution to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women etc.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
With reference to the gravitational waves, consider the following statements:
1. These are ‘ripples’ in space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe.
2. A gravitational wave is a visible ripple across space
3. These waves travel much slower than the speed of light.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>These are ‘ripples’ in space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe. Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect—> A gravitational wave is an invisble (but exceedingly fast) ripple across space. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles/second). Additional Information
-
- Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime. These ripples occur when mass accelerates. The larger the mass or the faster the acceleration, the stronger the gravitational wave.
- Albert Einstein predicted their existence in his general theory of Relativity in 1916.
- Production of Gravitational Waves:
-
- Technically speaking, every physical object that accelerates produces gravitational waves. This includes humans, cars, airplanes etc. But the masses and accelerations of objects on Earth are far too small to make gravitational waves big enough to detect with our instruments.Therefore,to find big enough gravitational waves, we have to look far outside of our own solar system.
- Cataclysmic Events: The strongest gravitational waves originate from colliding black holes, supernovae, and colliding neutron stars.
- Neutron Star Rotation: Gravitational waves can also be produced by the rotation of non-perfectly spherical neutron stars and possibly remnants of gravitational radiation from the Big Bang.
Incorrect
Solution
Statement 1 is correct—>These are ‘ripples’ in space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe. Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect—> A gravitational wave is an invisble (but exceedingly fast) ripple across space. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles/second). Additional Information
-
- Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime. These ripples occur when mass accelerates. The larger the mass or the faster the acceleration, the stronger the gravitational wave.
- Albert Einstein predicted their existence in his general theory of Relativity in 1916.
- Production of Gravitational Waves:
-
- Technically speaking, every physical object that accelerates produces gravitational waves. This includes humans, cars, airplanes etc. But the masses and accelerations of objects on Earth are far too small to make gravitational waves big enough to detect with our instruments.Therefore,to find big enough gravitational waves, we have to look far outside of our own solar system.
- Cataclysmic Events: The strongest gravitational waves originate from colliding black holes, supernovae, and colliding neutron stars.
- Neutron Star Rotation: Gravitational waves can also be produced by the rotation of non-perfectly spherical neutron stars and possibly remnants of gravitational radiation from the Big Bang.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Recently, an earthquake led to the eruptions of Shiveluch Volcano. It is located in:
Correct
Solution
- Shiveluch Volcano is located in Russia.
Additional Information
Recently, the Shiveluch volcano in Russia erupted after a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the eastern coast of the country. - Additionally, the Ebeko volcano on the Kuril Islands also released ash in the atmosphere.
- Shiveluch volcano is a large and active volcano in Kamchatka peninsula, Russia.
- The summit has a broad caldera (a large crater) that was formed during a past eruption.
Kamchatka Peninsula - It is located in the Russian Far East and extends into the Pacific Ocean, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the Bering Sea portion of the ocean.
- It is a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and contains both active and dormant volcanoes.
- It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Tata Power won a contract in 2017 to mine coal from Krutogorovskoye Coal Deposit in Kamchatka peninsula.
Incorrect
Solution
- Shiveluch Volcano is located in Russia.
Additional Information
Recently, the Shiveluch volcano in Russia erupted after a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the eastern coast of the country. - Additionally, the Ebeko volcano on the Kuril Islands also released ash in the atmosphere.
- Shiveluch volcano is a large and active volcano in Kamchatka peninsula, Russia.
- The summit has a broad caldera (a large crater) that was formed during a past eruption.
Kamchatka Peninsula - It is located in the Russian Far East and extends into the Pacific Ocean, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the Bering Sea portion of the ocean.
- It is a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire and contains both active and dormant volcanoes.
- It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Tata Power won a contract in 2017 to mine coal from Krutogorovskoye Coal Deposit in Kamchatka peninsula.