A curative petition must be accompanied by certification by a senior advocate, pointing out substantial grounds for entertaining it.

Additional Information

• A curative petition is meant to ensure there is no miscarriage of justice, and to prevent abuse of process. 
• A curative petition is usually decided by judges in chamber, unless a specific request for an open-court hearing is allowed.
• Curative petition can be entertained if the petitioner establishes there was a violation of the principles of natural justice, and that he was not heard by the court before passing an order. 
• It will also be admitted where a judge failed to disclose facts that raise the apprehension of bias.
•  It must be first circulated to a bench of the three senior-most judges, and the judges who passed the concerned judgment, if available. Only when a majority of the judges conclude that the matter needs hearing should it be listed — as far as possible, before the same Bench.
• “It shall be open to the Bench at any stage of consideration of the curative petition to ask a senior counsel to assist it as amicus curiae.

• A massive asteroid, known as 99942 Apophis or the ‘God of Chaos’, has had its trajectory reevaluated, sparking concerns it may be on a collision course with Earth. Initially discovered in 2004, Apophis was previously thought to have a 2.7% chance of impacting our planet in 2029.
• However, further observations led scientists to rule out any potential impact in 2029 or 2036. 

2. It can lead to an appreciation of the rupee against the US dollar.

Both are likely impacts of the US Fed rate cut?

How will the US Fed rate cut impact Indian markets?

• Increased Foreign Investment: When the interest rates were high in the US, the US investors preferred to keep money in the US as they were getting higher returns on safe US Treasury securities. With the rate cut by the Fed, the US Treasury securities yield will reduce. As a result, investors will explore emerging markets like India for investment with higher returns. This can lead to an inflow of foreign capital into Indian equities and debt markets. As more foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) invest in Indian markets, the demand for Indian stocks and bonds can increase, potentially driving up prices.
• Impact on the Indian Rupee: With an increase in foreign investments, there is often a higher demand for the Indian Rupee as investors convert their foreign currency into INR to invest in Indian markets. It can lead to an appreciation of the rupee against the US dollar.
• Bond Market Rally: Lower interest rates globally and in India can lead to a rally in the Indian bond market as the yield on existing bonds becomes more attractive relative to new issues. This can reduce borrowing costs for the government and corporations, potentially leading to more capital investments and economic growth.

Additional Information

• • Harappa, now in Pakistan, was the first site to be discovered in the area. 
  • The Harappan civilisation can be divided into an early phase (3200 BCE to 2600 BCE), the mature period (2600 BCE to 1900 BCE), and the late phase (1900 BCE to 1500 BCE), when it decayed and collapsed.
  • Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Ganweriwala (all now in Pakistan), Rakhigarhi, and Dholavira (both in India) are the five biggest Harappan sites out of about 2,000 sites in the civilisational area, which is spread over 1.5 million sq.km. in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
  •  There are about 1,500 sites in northwestern India, including in Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. 
  • The village of Daimabad on the banks of the Godavari river in Maharashtra is the southernmost outpost of the Harappan civilisation. 
  • There are about 500 sites in Pakistan, and a few in Afghanistan.
  •  The civilisation burgeoned on the banks of the Indus and Saraswati rivers, the latter of which is believed to have dried up circa 1900 BCE.
• Characteristic features ofHarappan civilisation: 

• • “the fully developed Indus script;
  •  finely carved stamp seals with writing and/or an animal or some other iconographic motif…;
  •  standardized measures, including cubic weights made of chert carefully cut and polished, employing a combination of binary and decimal systems…;
  •  the large-scale use of burnt brick, standardized in size, with the ratio 1:2:4, the most effective for bonding; 
  • exquisite lapidary art, featuring highly developed micro-drilling of very long beads made of hard carnelian, decorated with chemically stained motifs.”

• Maize, Sorghum, Groundnut oilseeds are Kharif crops.

Additional Information

• •  Cropping pattern refers to the distribution of different crops within a specific area at a given time. It indicates the yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops that follow in an area.
  • In India, cropping patterns have traditionally been shaped by the monsoons, which determine the agricultural calendar of the country.
  • India’s agricultural landscape is broadly divided into Kharif (monsoon), Rabi (winter) and Zaid cropping seasons.
• Kharif Cropping

• • • It begins in July and lasts around September or October.
    •  Major Kharif crops include rice, maize, sorghum, millet, pulses (arhar and moong), and oilseeds (groundnut and soybean)
• Rabi Cropping

• • • It begins with the onset of winter in October and concludes with the harvesting season around March or April.
    • The primary Rabi crops include wheat, barley, mustard, gram, and lentils. Wheat stands out as the most important Rabi crop, occupying a significant portion of the total cultivated area during this season.
• Zaid Cropping

• • These are grown in the short intervening season between Kharif and Rabi, typically from March to June.
  •  Common Zaid crops include watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd, and fodder crops.