Cabinet Committee on Security | UPSC Notes

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Cabinet Committee on Security

Introduction

The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is the highest decision-making body on national security matters in India. It plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s defence policy, internal security framework, and strategic affairs.

Legal Basis

  • It is an extra-constitutional body.
  • It is constituted under the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961, framed under Article 77 of the Constitution.
  • Functions as a sub-committee of the Union Cabinet.

Composition

  • Chairperson: Prime Minister of India
  • Key members include:
    • Minister of Defence
    • Minister of Home Affairs
    • Minister of Finance
    • Minister of External Affairs

History of the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)

  • The origins of a body similar to the present CCS can be traced back to 1947, when independent India faced immediate and complex security challenges.
  • During this period, a high-level committee under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was constituted to deal with critical security-related issues. It included senior leaders such as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Home Minister) and Baldev Singh (Defence Minister)
  • It was after the 1999 Kargil War that the committee evolved to adopt the present formal structure of the CCS and became a high-powered committee for defence and national security.
  • Over time, the CCS has evolved into the apex decision-making body concerning internal and external security matters of the Government of India.

Key Functions

(i) to deal with all Defence related issues;

(ii) to deal with issues relating to law and order, and internal security;

(iii) to deal with policy matters concerning foreign affairs that have internal or external security implications including cases relating to agreements with other countries on security related issues;

(iv) to deal with economic and political issues impinging on national security;

(v) to review the manpower requirements relating to national security including proposals concerning creation of posts carrying the pay scale or pay band plus Grade Pay equivalent to that of a Joint Secretary to the Government of India and higher, and setting up new structures to deal with security related issues;

(vi) to consider all cases-

(a) involving capital expenditure of more than rupees one thousand crore-

      (I) in respect of-

                    (A) the Department of Defence Production; and

                    (B) the Department of Defence Research and Development;

      (II) in respect of the Capital Works projects. Services Capital Acquisition plans, schemes, projects, procurement of security related equipment, non-scaled and new items in respect of Department of Defence; and

(b) involving security related expenditure of more than one thousand crore rupees in respect of Departments not included in item (a),

except in cases where higher powers for disposal of cases or class of cases have been delegated to the specified authorities;

(c) involving capital expenditure of more than two hundred fifty crore rupees in respect of land acquisition by the Department of Defence where land acquisition is undertaken separately;

(vii) all matters relating to atomic energy; and

(viii) to consider cases of –

  1. increase in the firmed up cost estimates or revised cost estimates of schemes, projects, acquisition, or procurement in respect of items covered by entry (vi), for reasons such as time overrun, changes in scope, or under-estimation, to the extent such increase is more than twenty per cent of the original cost estimates already approved by the competent authority;
  2. any further increase of more than five per cent in the revised cost estimates referred to in item (i): 

Provided that no case of revised cost estimate where such revised cost estimate is one thousand crore rupees or less or other cases falling within the powers delegated to other authorities by the Central Government, shall be required to be brought before the Cabinet Committee on Security except in cases, where the Minister-in-charge directs any case to be placed before the Committee:

Provided further that any escalation due to increase in statutory levies, exchange rate variation and price escalation envisaged within the original approved project time cycle at the time of approval by the competent authority shall be excluded for determining increase in the cost under this entry.

Conclusion

The Cabinet Committee on Security is central to India’s governance framework in matters of defence and security. Its role in strategic decision-making and crisis management makes it indispensable for maintaining national stability and sovereignty.

FAQs 

What is the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)?

It is the highest decision-making body of the Government of India on matters related to defence, internal security, and strategic affairs.

What is the legal status of CCS?

The CCS is an extra-constitutional body, constituted under the Transaction of Business Rules, 1961 (Article 77).

Who are the members of CCS?

It is chaired by the Prime Minister and includes the Ministers of Defence, Home Affairs, Finance, and External Affairs.

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