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Contextual Nature of Justice: Just and Unjust | UPSC Ethics Notes

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Contextual Nature of Justice: Just and Unjust

The concepts of “just” and “unjust” are not absolute; they evolve with changing social values, historical conditions, and ethical awareness. What is considered just in one context may become unjust in another.

Contextual Nature of Justice

  • Dependence on Social and Cultural Norms
    • Justice is defined by the values and beliefs dominant in society at a given time, so as social attitudes evolve, earlier accepted practices may be judged unjust. 
    • Example: Practices like untouchability were once socially accepted but are now unconstitutional and unjust. 
  • Evolving Standards of Rights and Equality
    • As societies recognise more rights, especially for previously excluded groups, the idea of justice becomes more inclusive, and practices accepted earlier may now be seen as unjust. 
    • Example: The decriminalisation of homosexuality in India transformed what was once legally “acceptable” into a violation of dignity and equality. 
  • Role of Changing Knowledge and Awareness
    • As scientific and social knowledge expands, it reveals new forms of harm and long-term consequences that were earlier ignored, thereby redefining what is considered just.
    • Example: Earlier, large-scale industrialisation was seen as justified for development, but with growing understanding of climate change and ecological damage, such actions are now questioned, making environmental protection an essential part of justice. 
  • Context of Circumstances and Situations
    • The same act may be judged differently depending on intent and context.
    • Example: Causing harm in self-defence is treated differently from intentional harm. 
  • Diverse Stakeholder Perspectives
    • What is considered just varies across stakeholders because each group evaluates fairness based on its own interests, experiences, and vulnerabilities.
    • Example: In a dam project, it may be just for the state (development, energy needs) but unjust for displaced tribal communities (loss of livelihood and culture).

 Justice is a dynamic and context-sensitive concept. Continuous evaluation and adaptation are essential to ensure that what is considered just remains fair, relevant, and aligned with evolving societal values.

Sample Mains Questions

Q1. “The concept of just and unjust is contextual.” Explain with suitable examples.
(150 words, 10 marks)

Q2. What was once considered just may become unjust with changing social awareness. Discuss.
(150 words, 10 marks)

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