Understand sub-categorisation of OBCs, its constitutional basis, Rohini Commission findings, arguments for and against internal quotas, Supreme Court judgments and the way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand reservation in India, its constitutional framework under Articles 14, 15 and 16, landmark Supreme Court judgments, arguments for and against reservation, and reforms needed for substantive equality for UPSC GS 2.
Examine local reservation in private sector jobs, its constitutional concerns under Articles 14 and 19, arguments for and against domicile quotas, the Haryana High Court judgment and the way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand criminal defamation in India under Section 356 of the BNS, its constitutional basis, arguments for and against decriminalisation, major Supreme Court judgments, Law Commission views and reforms for UPSC GS 2.
Understand hate speech in India, its legal framework under BNS and other laws, causes, challenges, Supreme Court judgments, Law Commission recommendations and the way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Understand Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, its evolution from A.K. Gopalan to Maneka Gandhi, expansion through landmark judgments, significance, criticisms and way forward for UPSC GS 2.
Learn about the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), its habitat, distribution, behaviour, population in India and conservation status under the IUCN Red List and Wildlife Protection Act.
Examine the major challenges to good governance in India across accountability, transparency, responsiveness, inclusion, efficiency, rule of law, participation and consensus, along with reforms needed for citizen-centric governance.
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