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Environment

Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary

Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala has been renamed as Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, India’s first. Learn its location, biodiversity, and UPSC facts.

Environment

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary

Learn about Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh, its location near Pulicat Lake, unique flora and fauna including spot-billed pelicans, and its ecological significance. A must-read for UPSC Environment and Mapping topics.

Environment

Udanti Sitanadi Tiger Reserve

Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh is vital for Asiatic Wild Buffalo conservation. Know its location, rivers, flora and fauna.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity Hotspots 

Learn what biodiversity hotspots are, their global distribution, criteria for identification, and the four biodiversity hotspots in India — Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats–Sri Lanka, and Sundaland. Includes their importance, threats, and conservation relevance for UPSC.

Environment

Cloud Seeding 

Learn about Cloud Seeding – a weather modification technique to enhance rainfall. Understand its process, benefits, limitations, and relevance to India’s monsoon.

Agriculture

Dongar Cultivation in Odisha

Dongar cultivation, a traditional mixed cropping system of the Kondh tribes in Odisha’s Rayagada district, ensures food security, biodiversity, and climate resilience. Learn about its features, threats from eucalyptus monoculture, and revival efforts — important for UPSC Environment and Geography preparation.

Environment

Dugong/Sea Cows

Learn about Dugongs (sea cows) in India: their features, distribution, role as “gardeners of the sea,” conservation status, threats, and protection efforts.

Environment

Suriname Pledges to Protect 90% of Its Forests

Suriname pledges to protect 90% of its forests, becoming a global leader in climate action, biodiversity conservation, and Indigenous rights.