Tribunals are specialised quasi-judicial bodies established to adjudicate disputes in particular fields such as taxation, public services, company law, environment and armed forces. Examples include the CAT, NGT, NCLT, NCLAT and AFT.
They were created to provide speedy, inexpensive and expert adjudication and reduce the burden on ordinary courts.
Tribunals are constitutionally valid mechanisms for specialised adjudication and may replace ordinary courts as forums of first instance. However, they cannot exclude judicial review by High Courts under Articles 226 and 227, as such review forms part of the Constitution’s basic structure.
Sample Mains Question
1.“Tribunals are constitutionally valid mechanisms of specialised adjudication, but they cannot become substitutes for the constitutional courts in the exercise of judicial review.” Discuss in light of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence on tribunals in India. (250 Words, 15 Marks)
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